Mandate. At COP 26 in Glasgow, United Kingdom, by decision 14/CP.26, adopted the revised terms of reference of the CGE. At COP24 in Katowice, Poland, by decision 11/CP.24, it was decided that the mandate of the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention will be … 기후 변화에 관한 유엔 기본 협약 ( 영어: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 약칭 유엔기후변화협약 혹은 기후변화협약 혹은 UNFCCC 혹은 FCCC )은 온실 기체 에 의해 벌어지는 지구 온난화 를 줄이기 위한 국제 협약이다. 1992년 5월 브라질 리우데자네이루 ... Gender & Climate Change: an important connection. Climate change • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. Climate change has a greater impact on those sections of the ... Signed in 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the foundational treaty that has provided a basis for international …The One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC:Learn) is a collaborative initiative involving 34 multilateral organizations which supports countries in designing and implementing country-driven, results-oriented and sustainable learning to address climate change. The initiative was launched at the 2009 …The UNFCCC secretariat services the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.Jan 18, 2024 · COP 28 closed with an agreement that signals the “beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era by laying the ground for a swift, just and equitable transition, underpinned by deep emissions cuts and scaled-up finance. As COP 28 President Dr. Sultan Al Jaber said: “We have language on fossil fuel in the (COP) final agreement for the first ...In this talk of climate finance and transparency, I do need to mention that our organization, the UNFCCC, now faces severe financial challenges. These challenges … The UNFCCC secretariat services the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Over 20 years of progress under the UNFCCC process have created many mandates for various activities to take action on climate change, which the secretariat implements to support Parties and stakeholders in ... The CDM Executive Board ( CDM EB) supervises the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP). The CDM EB is fully accountable to the CMP. The CDM EB will be the ultimate point …The Umbrella Group is a coalition of Parties which formed following the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. The Group is made up of Australia, Canada, Iceland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Kazakhstan, Norway, Ukraine and the United States. The United Kingdom formally joined the group in 2023. Several other groups also work together in the climate ...3 days ago · Search UNFCCC. event COP 28 30 Nov. - 12 Dec. 2023 08:00h - 18:00h Agenda as adopted. Overview schedule at COP 28. Back to the main conference page. Other sessions at this conference. CMP 18; CMA 5; SBSTA 59; SBI 59; Previous session. Next session. Go to Conference page; Go to Body Profile Page. Latest documents. …For further information and documentation (including audio-visual material) on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, see the official website of the United …Jun 15, 2023 · The Bonn Climate Change Conference is scheduled from 5 to 15 June 2023. The pre-sessional meetings take place 30 May to 4 June. Building on the mandates that emerged from COP 27 in Egypt last year, the conference will host a large number of mandated events and continue discussions on issues of critical importance, such as the global stocktake ... The UNFCCC is also the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The ultimate objective of all agreements under the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system, in a time frame which allows ecosystems to …Jan 18, 2024 · COP 28 closed with an agreement that signals the “beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era by laying the ground for a swift, just and equitable transition, underpinned by deep emissions cuts and scaled-up finance. As COP 28 President Dr. Sultan Al Jaber said: “We have language on fossil fuel in the (COP) final agreement for the first ... 联合国气候变化框架公约. 联合国气候变化框架公约 （法語： Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques ，缩写作 CCNUCC ；英語： United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ，缩写作 UNFCCC 或 FCCC ，台湾作 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約 [註 1] ），于1992年5月在 ... UNFCCC stands for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It has been ratified by 198 countries and is called to have a near-universal membership. The countries that have ratified the convention are called the UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP).. It is a major step in controlling the …3 days ago · Search UNFCCC. event COP 28 30 Nov. - 12 Dec. 2023 08:00h - 18:00h Agenda as adopted. Overview schedule at COP 28. Back to the main conference page. Other sessions at this conference. CMP 18; CMA 5; SBSTA 59; SBI 59; Previous session. Next session. Go to Conference page; Go to Body Profile Page. Latest documents. …UN Climate Change News, 18 November 2023 – The United Nations Body tasked to operationalize a new UN carbon crediting mechanism under the Paris Agreement has agreed on recommendations for crucial guidance on greenhouse gas removals and mechanism methodologies. The Article 6.4 Supervisory Body held an additional virtual …Climate Neutral Now. The Climate Neutral Now Initiative is one of several initiatives launched by the UNFCCC secretariat to increase climate action by engaging non-Party stakeholders (sub-national governments, companies, organizations, individuals). It was launched in 2015 based on a mandate to promote the voluntary use of carbon market ... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeNew York, 9 May 1992. Global warming, which is the increase in global average temperature in the course of the twentieth century, is mostly due to the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations caused by human activity; these anthropogenic emissions have increased by 70 per ... At COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the UNFCCC reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. The Paris Agreement builds upon the Convention and – for the first time – brings all nations …Mar 13, 2024 · The UNFCCC is a multilateral treaty adopted in 1992 – shortly after the first assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1990 – to stabilize greenhouse gas ...2 days ago · Parties. The Convention divides countries into three main groups according to differing commitments: Annex I Parties include the industrialized countries that were members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Parties), including the Russian … The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 with the ultimate aim of preventing dangerous human interference with the climate system. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol and 2015 Paris Agreement build on the Convention. The Paris Agreement was a considerable ... Operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including a fund, for responding to loss and damage referred to in paragraphs 2–3 of decisions 2/CP.27 and 2/CMA.4. Santiago network for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change under the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss ... UNFCCC Negotiating Group Chairs and Coordinators. 21 Mar 2024. Download. English PDF 194.34 KB. View details Intersessional documents. Terms of …The UNFCCC secretariat services the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.The CDM Executive Board ( CDM EB) supervises the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP). The CDM EB is fully accountable to the CMP. The CDM EB will be the ultimate point …The UNFCCC secretariat is located at this location. By bus: To get to Bonn by public transport, take the SB 60 bus which leaves from the airport terminal to Bonn central station every 30 minutes on weekdays and every 30 to 60 minutes on weekends. The 25 km bus journey from the airport takes about 30 ... New! At UNFCCC COP 28, the Rio Conventions Pavilion Journey will take place as a series of events across the various meetings at the conference. Sessions of the Rio Conventions Pavilion Journey will be held between 30 November and 12 December 2023 inside the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s Expo City Dubai. Climate change, desertification and ... UNFCCC process and meetings UNFCCC Newsroom. About. With 196 Parties, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has near universal membership and is the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The ultimate objective of the convention is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a …Russian Federation's multilateral assessment. The Russian Federation's progress towards 2020 target. The aim of the session is to assess the progress of the Russian Federation in implementation towards the achievement of emission reductions and removals related to its quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets for 2020.Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa ( UNFCCC) adalah perjanjian lingkungan internasional yang dirundingkan pada KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro …The Paris Agreement adopted in December under the UNFCCC is an ambitious agreement in that is sets an upper limit on acceptable risk from climate change well below 2°C and as close to 1.5°C as possible above preindustrial levels by the end of this century. To stay under this upper level of acceptable risk, Parties aim to reach global peaking ...1994 — UNFCCC enters into force. An introduction to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 1992 — The INC adopts UNFCCC text. At the Earth … The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. Formally it is an international treaty among countries to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system ", in part by stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. [1] May 16, 2023 · Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 198. Refine your search. Type of Party to the Convention. Annex I. Non-Annex I. Kyoto Protocol. Feb 21, 2003 · 1992年联合国环境与发展大会（即里约地球峰会）上，154个国家签署了《联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）》。. UNFCCC的目标是将大气中温室气体浓度稳定在防止发生由人类活动引起的、危险的气候变化水平上。. 《公约》呼吁缔约方在一定的时间内达 …For media enquiries, please contact: UNFCCC Press Office: press(at)unfccc.int About the UNFCCC With 197 Parties, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has near universal membership and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Climate Change …Status of Ratification of the Convention. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (the "Convention") was adopted at the United Nations Headquarters, New York on the 9 May 1992. In accordance with Article 20, it was open for signature at Rio de Janeiro from 4 to 14 June 1992, and thereafter at the United Nations Headquarters ...A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level or, as an interim measure, subnational forest reference emission levels and/or forest reference levels, is one of the elements to be developed by developing country Parties implementing REDD+ activities (according to paragraph 70 of …The UN Climate Change Conference COP 25 (2 – 13 December 2019) took place under the Presidency of the Government of Chile and was held with logistical support from the Government of Spain. SBSTA 51/ SBI 51 took place 2-9 December 2019. The pre-sessional period was from 25 November - 1 December …3 days ago · Past Conferences. Past conferences overview. United Nations climate change conferences have grown exponentially in size over the past two decades - from small working sessions into the largest annual conferences currently held under the auspices of the United Nations - and are now among the largest international meetings in the world.Russian Federation's multilateral assessment. The Russian Federation's progress towards 2020 target. The aim of the session is to assess the progress of the Russian Federation in implementation towards the achievement of emission reductions and removals related to its quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets for 2020.The CDM Executive Board ( CDM EB) supervises the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP). The CDM EB is fully accountable to the CMP. The CDM EB will be the ultimate point …17. The documents that were before CMP 18 are available on the UNFCCC website.12 III. Reports of the subsidiary bodies (Agenda item 3) A. Report of the Subsidiary Body for …Brief Overview. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an intergovernmental treaty developed to address the problem of climate change. The Convention, which sets out an agreed framework for dealing with the issue, was negotiated from February 1991 to May 1992 and opened for signature at the June 1992 UN …Mar 8, 2024 · The UN Climate Change secretariat’s 2022 Annual Report highlights achievements and milestones by the secretariat and the intergovernmental Process in addressing the climate emergency, and towards achieving the long-term objectives of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the …Seven key messages emerged from the Yearbook that could help inform the conclusion of the global stocktake: Climate action needs to align with the goal of keeping 1.5 degrees Celsius climate-resilient world within reach. The opportunities to accelerate climate action exist, but need to be scaled up. Non …UN Climate Change News, 17 September 2021 – UN Climate Change today published a synthesis of climate action plans as communicated in countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions ().The NDC Synthesis report indicates that while there is a clear trend that greenhouse gas emissions are being reduced over time, nations must urgently redouble …The ocean is a fundamental part of the climate system and the global response to climate change. The global ocean covers 71% of the surface of our blue planet. It has long taken the brunt of the impact of human-made global heating. It has absorbed about 90% of the heat generated by rising greenhouse gas emissions trapped in …Background. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) serves as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism under the Convention. The relationship between the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC and the GEF Council was agreed in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) contained in decision 12/CP.2 and decision … Brief Overview. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an intergovernmental treaty developed to address the problem of climate change. The Convention, which sets out an agreed framework for dealing with the issue, was negotiated from February 1991 to May 1992 and opened for signature at the June 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development — also known as the Rio ... The UNFCCC is also the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The ultimate objective of all agreements under the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system, in a time frame which allows ecosystems to …united nations framework convention on climate change united nations 1992 fccc/informal/84 ge.05-62220 (e) 200705 UN Climate Change Global Innovation Hub (UGIH), Regulatory Framework Implementation, Mitigation division. 13 Feb 2023 - 15 Mar 2023. 23/Intern19/M – Regulatory Framework Implementation - UGIH. Associate Programme Officer ». P-2. Constituted Bodies and Data Services Subdivision, Mitigation Division. 10 Feb 2023 - 10 Mar 2023. Background. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) serves as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism under the Convention. The relationship between the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC and the GEF Council was agreed in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) contained in decision 12/CP.2 and decision …Mar 6, 2024 · Article. 20 Dec 2023. Building Momentum for Climate Action in Small Island Developing States. Article. 13 Dec 2023. COP28 Agreement Signals “Beginning of the End” of the Fossil Fuel Era. UN Climate Press Release. 13 Dec 2023. Record Number of National Adaptation Plans Submitted in 2023, But More Are Needed.UNFCCC. Conference of the Parties (COP) Topic. Conference logistics. Decisions. 1/CP.27. Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. 2/CP.27. Funding arrangements for responding to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including a focus on addressing loss and damage.17. The documents that were before CMP 18 are available on the UNFCCC website.12 III. Reports of the subsidiary bodies (Agenda item 3) A. Report of the Subsidiary Body for …2 days ago · FCCC/SBI/2023/21. 15 Mar 2024. Download. View details. Session and meeting reports. Report of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice on its fifty-ninth session, held in the United Arab Emirates from 30 November to 6 December 2023. FCCC/SBSTA/2023/8.12 December 2016. Bhutan. Bhutan’s Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (LTS) 22 September 2023. Bosnia and Herzegovina. THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND …The GEF is an operational entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention that provides financial support to the activities and projects of developing country Parties. The COP regularly provides guidance to the GEF. The GEF, as an entity entrusted with the operation of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, also serves the Paris Agreement.In this talk of climate finance and transparency, I do need to mention that our organization, the UNFCCC, now faces severe financial challenges. These challenges …Deputy Executive Secretary. The Deputy Executive Secretary supports the Executive Secretary in managing the UNFCCC secretariat and its staff, and advises on a range of issues related to the development and strengthening of the organization as an institution, including strategic operations planning; programme budget planning, …The Government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) will host the 28th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP 28), with a view to building on previous successes and paving the way for future ambition to effectively tackle the global challenge of climate change. For detailed information, please refer to the Government of the United Arab ...Background. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) serves as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism under the Convention. The relationship between the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC and the GEF Council was agreed in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) contained in decision 12/CP.2 and decision …UN Climate Change News, 19 December 2022 – Countries meeting at the UN Biodiversity Conference COP15 in Montreal have reached an agreement that represents a key step in protecting the world’s lands and oceans and bolsters efforts to safeguard the world’s climate. Governments committed to protect 30% of land and water considered important ...The UNFCCC secretariat services the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.Oct 28, 2021 · The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. All States that are Parties to the Paris Agreement are represented at the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA ...The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty agreed upon at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The … The UN Climate Change secretariat’s 2022 Annual Report highlights achievements and milestones by the secretariat and the intergovernmental Process in addressing the climate emergency, and towards achieving the long-term objectives of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. The 2022 ... A Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança do Clima ( CQNUMC ), também conhecida como UNFCCC (do original em inglês United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ), ou Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas para as Alterações Climáticas (CQNUAC, em Portugal ), é um tratado internacional resultante da Conferência ... The UNFCCC is also the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The ultimate objective of all agreements under the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system, in a time frame which allows ecosystems to … The UN Climate Change secretariat’s 2022 Annual Report highlights achievements and milestones by the secretariat and the intergovernmental Process in addressing the climate emergency, and towards achieving the long-term objectives of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. The 2022 ... Operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including a fund, for responding to loss and damage referred to in paragraphs 2–3 of decisions 2/CP.27 and 2/CMA.4. Santiago network for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change under the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss ... May 16, 2023 · Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 198. Refine your search. Type of Party to the Convention. Annex I. Non-Annex I. Kyoto Protocol. The seventh NC (NC7) should be submitted to the secretariat by 1 January 2018. In addition to the requirements laid out in the national communications reporting guidelines ( FCCC/CP/1999/7 ), Annex I Parties report on Global Climate Change Observing Systems (GCOS) in their NCs ( decision 11/CP.13 ). The NCs shall be …Seven key messages emerged from the Yearbook that could help inform the conclusion of the global stocktake: Climate action needs to align with the goal of keeping 1.5 degrees Celsius climate-resilient world within reach. The opportunities to accelerate climate action exist, but need to be scaled up. Non … 联合国气候变化框架公约. 联合国气候变化框架公约 （法語： Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques ，缩写作 CCNUCC ；英語： United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ，缩写作 UNFCCC 或 FCCC ，台湾作 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約 [註 1] ），于1992年5月在 ... Apr 21, 2023 · 新华社柏林4月20日电（记者 杜哲宇）4月20日是第14个联合国中文日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公约》）中文版网站当天上线，为全球中文用户提供更好的气候变化信息获取渠道及气候行动参与平台。. 《公约》中文版网站是中国生态环境部与 ...UN Climate Change Global Innovation Hub (UGIH), Regulatory Framework Implementation, Mitigation division. 13 Feb 2023 - 15 Mar 2023. 23/Intern19/M – Regulatory Framework Implementation - UGIH. Associate Programme Officer ». P-2. Constituted Bodies and Data Services Subdivision, Mitigation Division. 10 Feb …
UNFCCC Submissions Tracker (Updated 21 March 2024) Views on the work programme on indicators for measuring progress achieved towards the targets of the …. Riverview cinemas
This is an offset mechanism established under the UNFCCC (the only one of its kind so far, but new mechanisms are being developed under the Paris Agreement). Basically, the CDM allows individuals and organizations to financially support greenhouse-gas emission reduction or removal projects in developing countries. About the UNFCCC With 197 Parties, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has near universal membership and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement. The main aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep a global average temperature rise this century well below 2 …Global Warming Potentials (IPCC Second Assessment Report) Species. Chemical formula. Lifetime (years) Global Warming Potential (Time Horizon) 20 years. 100 years. 500 years.The Synthesis Report was requested by Parties to the Paris Agreement to assist them in assessing the progress of climate action ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) this November in Glasgow, Scotland. This update of the Synthesis Report is being provided to ensure that Parties have the latest …New! At UNFCCC COP 28, the Rio Conventions Pavilion Journey will take place as a series of events across the various meetings at the conference. Sessions of the Rio Conventions Pavilion Journey will be held between 30 November and 12 December 2023 inside the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s Expo City Dubai. Climate change, desertification and ...UNFCCC stands for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It has been ratified by 198 countries and is called to have a near-universal membership. The countries that have ratified the convention are called the UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP).. It is a major step in controlling the … This is an offset mechanism established under the UNFCCC (the only one of its kind so far, but new mechanisms are being developed under the Paris Agreement). Basically, the CDM allows individuals and organizations to financially support greenhouse-gas emission reduction or removal projects in developing countries. A key task for the COP is to review the national communications and emission inventories submitted by Parties. Based on this information, the COP assesses the …UN Climate Change News, 10 November 2021 – COP26 is on track to be one of the largest ever, with more than 40.000 registered participants, including 22,274 party delegates, 14.124 observers and 3.886 media representatives.. Carbon Neutrality. COP26 is a carbon- neutral event. All carbon accounting is being carried out in line with the Greenhouse Gas …UNFCCC Nav. Home; COP 28; Process and meetings . Process and meetings . The Convention. The Kyoto Protocol. The Paris Agreement. Bodies. Governing and subsidiary bodies. Constituted bodies. Funds and financial entities. Election and membership. Parties & Non-Party Stakeholders. Conferences. Transparency and Reporting.UNFCCC secretariat UN Campus Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1 53113 Bonn Germany Mailing address UNFCCC secretariat P.O. Box 260124 D-53153 Bonn Germany. Phone: (49-228) 815-1000 E-mail: [email protected]. Please note: Courier consignments should be sent to the main office address.About the UNFCCC With 197 Parties, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has near universal membership and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement. The main aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep a global average temperature rise this century well …The Umbrella Group is a coalition of Parties which formed following the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. The Group is made up of Australia, Canada, Iceland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Kazakhstan, Norway, Ukraine and the United States. The United Kingdom formally joined the group in 2023. Several other groups also work together in the climate ... For the purposes of this Convention: "Adverse effects of climate change" means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and ... .